Window construction



June 30, 1942. r E. PEREMI ETAL 2,283,548

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION Filed Deg. 5, 1938- 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS [any/v0 FEeE/v/ IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIAI 1 100/5 7576 I 'II/IIIIIIIIIIII/ Iw I BY v W W r;

I 5 ATTORNEYS 1 June 30, 1942..

E. PEREMI ET AL.

' WINDOW CONSTRUCTION 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 5, 1958 l I 22: $4 I INVENTORS form/v0 Fizz/w 757/1. w mw-Wafi ATTORN EY5 Patented June 30, 1 942 wmpow CONSTRUCTION Edmund Peremi, Manhassct, and Louis Toth, Flushing, N. Y.

Application December 5, 193a, ScrialNo. 243,933

Claims. (01. 189--75) This invention relates to window construction and application of windows to buildings and more particularly to casement windows.

An object of the invention is to provide a casement window which would be a standard for many installations, so that quantity production would render the window applicable to low cost housing construction, and would be light in weight to permit easy handling in manufacture, transportation and installation. K

A further object is to produce a window frame the unit members of which are bars of identical K cross section with the exception of one different member having to do with atransom light. The same object is attained in making up the two swinging sashes which are made up of bars having identical cross section with the exception of one of the meeting rail bars.

This multiple applicability of one design of window frame member and window sash member makes for quantity production, and consequent low costs.

Another object of the invention is to produce windowsashes which wholly carry the resilient weather stripping, whereby small variations in the window frame may be taken up by the resilient character of the weather stripping and a water and air tight seal between the sash and the frame is insured.

It is an object of this invention to provide cleaned. By this method the casement window may be delivered complete and ready for installation and immediately secured and caulked into position. Heretofore windows were installed while the building was in the course of construction so that the window frames and sashes and paneswere spotted, scratched or otherwise damaged. Extra labor was therefore required to rcondition the windows and this extra labor will therefore be saved by the above method. This is an important saving where large scale housing construction is considered.

A still further object of-this invention is to provide a simple and cheap and durable construction to carry out the above method.

Other objects and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the drawings forming part of the specification;

Figure 1 is a fragmentary front elevation of a building wall showing the casement window em bodying our invention;

Figure 2 is a vertical, sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrows. Intermediate sections of the casement window are broken away to permit enlargement of the important detail features;

Figure 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line 33 of Fig. 1 looking down. Intermediate sections are broken away;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary sectional view simi lar to the lower part of Fig. 2 showing modified construction involving a method of attaching the window to the building;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary front elevation and section taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 4 showing the construction involving a method of attaching the window to the building wall;

Figure 6 is a fragmentary section similar to that of Fig. 4 and showing a modified form of window frame .and sash. This figure also illustrates that part of our invention which has to do with attaching the window to the building;

Figure 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 showing the application of the window mounting to a double hung window.

Referring to Fig. l, a fragment of a building wall I is shown, having window opening 2 into which has been secured a window frame carrying .complementary swinging sashes 4 and 5 and a stationary transom light 6. The window opening is lined with a sheet metal frame I (Figs. 2 and 3) mounted in the window opening and against-the inner part of the wall I. The frame I may be secured in place in any convenient manner.

The outside edge of the frame 1 is bent back upon itself at 8for rigidity and is flanged at 9 to overlap the window opening 2 in the wall.

The window frame 3 (Figs. 2 and 3) is snugly fitted into the frame I and secured thereto by screws Hi. It may preferably be inserted therein from the outside after the building has been completed and cleaned, as a last step in the building process. The frame 3 itself comprises a top bar II, a sill bar 12, two side or jamb bars i3 and [4,

all of which are identical in cross section and are welded together or otherwise suitably joined to form the frame 3.

A transom bar 15 (Figs. 1 and 2) of different hand sash (Figs. 1 and 3).

cross sectionconnects bars' I3 and H to divide the, window frame 3 into a casement window portion and a stationary transom portion 6.

The identical bars (Figs. 2 and 3) which make up the frame 3 are each formed with a wide inside striking flange I3, aback H, a wide outside flange l8, and a narrow outside flange l9 which extends in a direction parallel to inside flange IS. The flanges "and I! with connecting back I! roughly form a channel bar, the openfabe of which cooperates with a rail member of one of the swinging sashes 4 and 5 as will be described hereinafter. The narrow outside flange' I9 is undercut as at to lighten and save material of which the bar is made. and also to key with the putty where a fixed light is mounted in such a frame member. The wide face portion 2| of the flange l9 cooperates with a weather sealing strip ofthe associated sash. as will be described hereinafter.

The transom bar |51is of one hollow piece and has portions identical in cross section with those bars that make up the frame 3. The transom bar I5 is made up of two channels, back to back, having identical flanges l6, backs l1 and flanges l3, as those of the frame 3 so that the inner faces of the transom light and the easement window channels are identical throughout their extent.

This uniformity of the inner faces of the chan-' nels which make up the casement window portion of frame 3 enables the swinging sashes 3 and 4 to be made up of rail bars which are also of. uniform design in respect to themselves.

The sashes 4 and.5 which make up the casement window are each pivotally connected by a pair of hinges 22 and 23 to the frame 3. These hinges contain friction washers 24 in order that the sashes will remain in whatever position to which they have been moved. The hinges are secured to both the window frames and the sheet metal mounting frame I by screws 25.

Each swinging sash (Figs. 2 and 3) comprises a hinge rail or member 23 and meeting rail or member 21 and '21 top and bottom rail members or bars 28 and 29. I The-cross sectional configurationof all these members is identical with the exceptions of the meeting rail 21' of the right This asymmetrical rail or member 21' is so shaped as to form a proper weather seal with its complementary meeting member 2'! of the sash 4. This is necessary; as there is no intervening mullion.

A detailed description of the cross-sectional design of one of the sash members will suffice for all, exceptthe meeting rail 2Iof sash 5. The

oned within it a weather strip 36. For this purpose wall 32 of the sash member carries an integral rib 31 having a marginal, lip 33. Between the marginal lip 38 and wall 32 and striking lip 35 is imprisoned the V shaped resilient sheet metal weather strip 36, one leg 39 of which "bears against wall 32 and the vertex of which is held by marginal lip 38 and the other leg 4| extending rotatably carried by the sash 4.

is preferably offset as shown so as to provide space 4'| behind vertex 40 of the weather strip. This permits ready removal of the weather strip by inserting a tool between vertex 40 and lip 33,, thereby tilting it so that it can be lifted out. It is understood that the inherent resiliency of the metal of the sealing strip 33 keeps it in position on its sash member and that when the sash is closed each weather stripwill bear against its associated face 2| of the flange l9 and thus seal the-window. The striking flanges of the sash contacting the striking flanges of the window frame also serve to make the window draft and rain tight. Therefore when the sashes are closed there is a three point contact between every sash member and its cooperating window frame member. The sashes 4 and 5 are moved outwardly as indicated by arrows in Fig. 3.

The space defined by the striking lips 34 and ii, the back l'l, the resilient tongue 4|, the rib 31, and a portion of the transverse wall 32, provides a channel through which any possible rain seepage or condensation may flow to the sill member of the window, thereby making it impossible for the rain to enter the building. Thechannel formation of ,the sill member is such that a gutter is provided. A weep hole 9| may also be conveniently located in said channel member to Y permit the seepage to flow therefrom.

As mentioned hereinbefore the meeting rail 21 of the sash 5 is different from the typical sash rail member. The body portion of this rail member is substantially the same as the typical rail member and is only changed by having-a wide flange 42 which is adapted to be engaged by the striking lip 34 of the meeting rail 21 and by having a rib 43 engaged'by striking lip 35 of the meeting rail 21 and also engaged by the free leg 4 of the resilient strip 36 for sealing purposes.

From the above it is understood that sash 5 must be closed first and locked by throw bolt 44 shown diagrammatically only inFig. 3. These bolts are common in the art and needcno further description. To hold the sash 4 closed any suitable -bolt mechanism may be used, for example that shownin our Patent 1,955,653. All that is shown for sake of brevity is the vertical shaft 45 This shaft is hand operated and locked into position causing diagonally to bear against the lip 35 when the sashis moved from closed position. The Wall 3 the finger or fingers 46 to bear against flange 42 of the meeting rail 21 of the sash 5.

It will be noted that the weather strips are carried entirely by the sashes, four of the strips being carried by sash 4 and three of them by sash 5. This makes for simple manufacture and assembly. l

The inner faces of the sashes which are formed by walls 33 have wide and narrow flanges 48 and 49 respectively between which sash panes 5|] are held and puttied. It is' to be noted that the flanges 49 are undercut so that the putty is keyed in and positively held by the overhanging part of the flange. This is important where the sashes are made of non-ferrous or non-corrosive metal 5 which is used in unpainted condition and to which the putty will not adhere unless keyed in place. It is also to be noted that the flanges 2| on the frame bars are similarly undercut and can be used to key with the putty when a fixed light is to be mounted in connection therewith as for instance the transom light shown in Fig. 2.

The form of the inner faces of the sashes is suitably adapted to receive glazing strips which may serve as partial supporters of the panes and particularly as covering and protecting devices for the putty. These strips may take any convenient form and, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, comprise an inwardly extending web ,9! upon which the pane 53 may rest, having portions 93 bent therefrom which serve as support for the strip and the pane. The strips also include a web 93 which extends parallel to the plane of the pane, a downwardly and outwardly extending web 94, a shoulder 95, and a retaining lip 93 which may. suitably flt under the narrow undercut flange 49. It is a particular feature of the glazing strips that they may be snapped into place and will be held in the manner described without the use of any additional attaching means. The glazing strips may be of any suitable material, resilient non-corrosive metal being preferable.

The transom pane 3 is secured in the usual way in the channels formed by the window frame 3 and transom barl5; This bar securely car- 'ries a rain water deflecting plate 5|.

The window sashes may if desired be divided into two or three glass panels by muntins 53'.

The caulking which seals the window to the building is applied between angle l3 of the window frame, parts 3 and 9 of the frame 1 and all sides of the window opening.

Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 show the building and window construction which permits the installation of the windows as the final operation in the construction of a building. This method of window incorporation is especially applicable to the easement window type as will be understood from the following description:

The window opening 2 in the wall I, has secured to the inner face 52 of wall I a flat rigid frame 53 preferably of sheet" steel which masks a perimetral margin of the opening 2. This frame 53 is secured to the wall by a number of expansion bolts 54 entering holes 55, or .it may be built into or secured in the masonry or wall in any other suitable manner.

The interior finish of the room is such that the layer of plaster 53 is preferably brought up flush with the inner edge of the opening of the plate 53 which thus formsa guide for the plasterer and a protection for the plaster. The window opening has width and height dimensions equal to the dimensions of the window frame. The frame shown in Fig. 4 is a modified form of the window frame 3 shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

In order that this window frame may besecured and carried by the steel frame 53, it carries an integral frame rib 53 extending about its perimeter, overlapping the opening of the frame 53.

Screws 59 which enter large holes 33 in rib 53 and are threaded into steel frame 53, serve to secure the window frame in its proper position and the large holes 59 permit the window frame to be slightly shifted relative to the plate 53 for A convenience in final permanent adjustment.

To give a neat inside appearance the window frame has a flangev 3i which fits closely against the surface of the plaster lining 55 and the outportion 33 with a marginal lip'31. The back 34 also has a wide outside striking flange 33 and a narrow inside flange 33. A V-shaped weather strip I3 is imprisoned with one leg II bearing against rib 35, the vertex I2 of the V being held under the marginal lip 31 and theother leg I3 having its end bearing against the narrow flange 39. This window frame supports a swinging sash I4 having a rail member I5 with a striking surface I3 and a sealing flange 'I'I. When the sash is closed the sealing flange 'I'I engages and flexes the leg of the V-shaped weather strip I3 and the surface I3 contacts the flange 38. A space I3 is provided in the rib 35 to enable the weather strip to be sprung into place. The inner surface of the sealing flange also contacts the end of the flange portion so that a 3 point seal is secured.

The window frame of Figure 6 also shows an alternate form of inside finishing against the plaster. In this form the flange 5| extends from the back member 34 in the direction of the plaster but spaced therefrom, so that when the frame is inserted against the mounting frame 53 the flange 6| does not scratch or otherwise score the plaster 55. After the window has been inserted, adjusted, and attached, a resilient metallic finishing strip 99 may be inserted between the plaster and the flange 3i. This strip may take any convenient form preferably of light and yielding material, having a base and two legs extending therefrom. The particular construction shown is advantageous in that it may be applied without injury to the plaster and will adjust itself to the precise space between the flange and the plaster and thus provide for adjustments, which are necessary because of inequalities and unevennessof the plaster.

The narrowness of the casement window frame bars II, I2, l3, and I4 permit only slight differences in size between the inside and the outside of the window openings. The outside appearance of the wall and window will therefore bneat and architecturally artistic. While the same architectural appearance would not befully attained if sliding or double hung windows were used and attached from the outside, it may nevertheless in some instances be desirable to use the built in frame 53 in connection with sliding windows and this may be done as illustrated for exam ple'in Fig. 7 in which Hill is the frame of a double hung window, the frame members of which,-

l are made of some non-corrosive material which can be extruded or drawn in proper form, such as bronze or aluminum alloys or other non-ferr0118 metals.

sheet metal as shown in Fig. 6.

. While we have illustrated and described in detail certain preferred forms of our invention, it is to be understood that changes may be made .therein and the invention embodied in other structures. We do not therefore desire to limit The sashes may be made of extruded shapes of similar material orv formed of ourselves to the specific construction illustrated, but intend to cover our invention broadly in whatever form its principle may be utilized.

'We claim:

1. The combination with a wall of a building having a window opening therein, of a window frame and sash mounted therein, a mounting frame to which said window frame is rigidly secured, said mounting frame comprising a metallic member folded upon itself at a point where the frame is mounted thereon, extending perpendicularly of said window, one portion of said folded member extending laterally and then outwardly of said window opening whereby a caulking pocket is formed therein, the other portion of said folded member extending inwardly of said window opening for the extent of the thickness of the building wall and slightlytherebeyond a resilient flexible filling strip interengaging said inwardly extending flange and bearing against the finished inner surface of said building wall.

forming a reveal, and then extending laterally im a plane parallel to the window opening and away from said window opening and then in a direction perpendicular to said ,plane and toward the outside of the building to form a finishing pocket for the interior plastering of said wall.

2. The combination with a wall of a building having a window opening therein, of a window frame and sash mounted therein, a mounting frame to which said window frame is rigidly secured, said mounting frame comprising a metallic member folded upon itself at apoint where the frame is mounted thereon, extending perpendicularly of said window, one portion of said folded member extending laterally and then outwardly of said window opening whereby a caulking peck et is formed therein and the other portion of said folded member extending inwardly of said window opening for the extent of the thickness 4. in building construction, a wall having a window opening therein and a mounting frame situated in said opening interiorly of the outer' face of said wall, said mounting frame having an "edge projecting inwardly of said window opening and a window frame having flanges extending outwardly from either edge thereof and a portion extending from said frame intermediate said' flanges in the plane of the frame, said portion extending further from said frame than either of said flanges and overlapping said' projecting edge of said mounting frame, means for adjusting said window frame on said mounting frame,

and for securing said window frame to said mounting frame on the outside thereof, comprising threaded holes in said inwardly projecting edge of said mounting frame, holes of larger diameter than the said threaded holes in complementary position to said threaded holesrin said overlapping portion of said window frame and screws havingheads larger in diameter than saidholes in said overlapping portion wherebythe window frame may be applied to said mounting frame and slight adjustments in position may be made during application of said window before tightening of said screws in said threaded holes.

5. The combination with a wall of a building having a window opening therein, of a mounting frame built into the wall around said opening and having a window frame mounted therein, said window frame havinga flange extending outwardly of the window opening in the plane thereof said mounting frame comprising a metallic sheet member, folded where the window frame is mounted thereon, said folded portion extending in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the window opening, the outer portion of said member providing with said flange on said frame a protected pocket for caulking and the inner portion of said member being formed to provide a finishing molding for interior plaster.

' EDMUND PEREMI.

LOUIS TOTH. 

